原创|使用教程|编辑:郝浩|2013-03-29 16:15:56.000|阅读 4886 次
概述:本教程演示如何从文件中加载和解析CSV数据。使用amCharts的JavaScript/HTML5 Charts,并且不用FlashOrJavaScript后备脚本,这篇教程将会给你一些启发,同时还能帮助你更好的理解amCharts的JavaScript图表
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在本教程中,我将用一个小小的例子演示如何从一个文件中加载和解析CSV数据。假如你使用的是amCharts的JavaScript/HTML5 Charts,并且不用下载包中的FlashOrJavaScript后备脚本,那么这篇教程将会给你一些启发,同时还能帮助你更好的理解amCharts的JavaScript图表。
首先下载JavaScript/HTML5 Charts,由于这里我们不用flash图表,复制 amcharts/javascript文件夹到你的工作目录中,找到 basicSamples/javaScriptOnly文件夹并复制serial.html文件到这个文件夹下。用文本编辑器打开文件并修复JavaScript文件路径,删除路径最开头的../../amcharts/。如果用浏览器打开serial.html,你将会看到以下图表:

图表的数据放在html文件中,它不是基于日期的,所以我们来创建一个简单的文本文件data.txt并添加一些数据到里头,这些数据是不规则的:
2011-02-23,133034,12105.78
2011-02-24,122290,12068.50
2011-02-25,383603,12130.45
2011-02-28,125285,12226.34
2011-03-01,118042,12058.02
2011-03-02,102500,12066.80
2011-03-03,434047,12258.20
2011-03-04,422374,12169.88
2011-03-07,396473,12090.03
2011-03-08,453142,12214.38
将其保存为serial.html文件,然后回到文本编辑器打开这个文件。删除chartData变量和它的所有数据,还有window.onload方法的所有内容。
示例代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>amCharts Example</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css">
<script src="javascript/amcharts.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var chart;
window.onload = function() {
loadCSV("data.txt");
}
function loadCSV(file) {
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
// IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else {
// code for IE6, IE5
var request = new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP');
}
// load data. 'false' indicates that further script
// is not executed until data is loaded and parsed
request.open('GET', file, false);
request.send();
parseCSV(request.responseText);
}
function parseCSV(data){
alert(data);
}
</script>
</head>
<body style="background-color:#EEEEEE">
<div id="chartdiv" style="width:600px; height:400px; background-color:#FFFFFF"></div>
</body>
</html>
用浏览器打开serial.html文件,需要一个弹出菜单打开所有数据,但这里还没有实现。加载外部数据需要所有的文件放在web服务器上,如果你简单的从硬盘中打开文件,这个脚本不会运行。这意味着必须将所有的文件都上传到网站上。或者在计算机上安装Web服务器,将所有的文件放到本地主机文件夹中,然后在本地查看页面。
注意,数据文件可以是动态的,这意味着你可以用php,asp或者其他脚本加载数据。
在脚本顶部声明dataProvider变量,下面是加载和解析数据的完整脚本:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>amCharts Example</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css">
<script src="javascript/amcharts.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var chart;
var dataProvider;
window.onload = function() {
loadCSV("data.txt");
}
function loadCSV(file) {
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
// IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else {
// code for IE6, IE5
var request = new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP');
}
// load
request.open('GET', file, false);
request.send();
parseCSV(request.responseText);
}
function parseCSV(data){
//replace UNIX new lines
data = data.replace (/\r\n/g, "\n");
//replace MAC new lines
data = data.replace (/\r/g, "\n");
//split into rows
var rows = data.split("\n");
// create array which will hold our data:
dataProvider = [];
// loop through all rows
for (var i = 0; i < rows.length; i++){
// this line helps to skip empty rows
if (rows[i]) {
// our columns are separated by comma
var column = rows[i].split(",");
// column is array now
// first item is date
var date = column[0];
// second item is value of the second column
var value1 = column[1];
// third item is value of the fird column
var value2 = column[2];
// create object which contains all these items:
var dataObject = {date:date, value1:value1, value2:value2};
// add object to dataProvider array
dataProvider.push(dataObject);
}
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body style="background-color:#EEEEEE">
<div id="chartdiv" style="width:600px; height:400px; background-color:#FFFFFF"></div>
</body>
</html>
接下来创建图表,首先设置一个新的方法叫creatChart并初始化 AmSerialChart:
function createChart(){
// chart variable is declared in the top
chart = new AmCharts.AmSerialChart();
// here we tell the chart name of category field in our data provider.
// we called it "date" (look at parseCSV method)
chart.categoryField = "date";
// chart must have a graph
var graph = new AmCharts.AmGraph();
// graph should know at what field from data provider it should get values.
// let's assign value1 field for this graph
graph.valueField = "value1";
// and add graph to the chart
chart.addGraph(graph);
// 'chartdiv' is id of a container where our chart will be
chart.write('chartdiv');
}
当页面加载时调用这个方法:
window.onload = function() {
createChart();
loadCSV("data.txt");
}
最后,设置图表的data provider,然后让图表重建,方法是在parseCSV方法的最后添加这几行:
// set data provider to the chart chart.dataProvider = dataProvider; // this will force chart to rebuild using new data chart.validateData();
下面是完整的代码:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>amCharts Example</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" type="text/css">
<script src="javascript/amcharts.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
// declaring variables
var chart;
var dataProvider;
// this method called after all page contents are loaded
window.onload = function() {
createChart();
loadCSV("data.txt");
}
// method which loads external data
function loadCSV(file) {
if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
// IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else {
// code for IE6, IE5
var request = new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP');
}
// load
request.open('GET', file, false);
request.send();
parseCSV(request.responseText);
}
// method which parses csv data
function parseCSV(data){
//replace UNIX new lines
data = data.replace (/\r\n/g, "\n");
//replace MAC new lines
data = data.replace (/\r/g, "\n");
//split into rows
var rows = data.split("\n");
// create array which will hold our data:
dataProvider = [];
// loop through all rows
for (var i = 0; i < rows.length; i++){
// this line helps to skip empty rows
if (rows[i]) {
// our columns are separated by comma
var column = rows[i].split(",");
// column is array now
// first item is date
var date = column[0];
// second item is value of the second column
var value1 = column[1];
// third item is value of the fird column
var value2 = column[2];
// create object which contains all these items:
var dataObject = {date:date, value1:value1, value2:value2};
// add object to dataProvider array
dataProvider.push(dataObject);
}
}
// set data provider to the chart
chart.dataProvider = dataProvider;
// this will force chart to rebuild using new data
chart.validateData();
}
// method which creates chart
function createChart(){
// chart variable is declared in the top
chart = new AmCharts.AmSerialChart();
// here we tell the chart name of category
// field in our data provider.
// we called it "date" (look at parseCSV method)
chart.categoryField = "date";
// chart must have a graph
var graph = new AmCharts.AmGraph();
// graph should know at what field from data
// provider it should get values.
// let's assign value1 field for this graph
graph.valueField = "value1";
// and add graph to the chart
chart.addGraph(graph);
// 'chartdiv' is id of a container
// where our chart will be
chart.write('chartdiv');
}
</script>
</head>
<body style="background-color:#EEEEEE">
<div id="chartdiv" style="width:600px; height:400px; background-color:#FFFFFF"></div>
</body>
</html>
在浏览器中打开serial.html,就能得到下图中的图表:

怎么样?经过上面的解析,对amCharts的JavaScript/HTML5 Charts图表应该有了进一步的了解吧。
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